The largest share – 58 percent – Latvian housing structure consists of residential (three or more apartments) residential buildings. Many of them have come of age, while others are already entitled “pension”. With years of building defects appear to be necessary to correct in time.
Building lifetime is mainly determined by four factors: construction materials, their quality, building the future operation and environment.
Apartment House Life
For the construction and materials used in the life of a certain idea of providing the Cabinet of Ministers Nr.907 “On the residential home inspection, maintenance, servicing and minimum energy performance requirements” (Annex 1).
Dwelling houses in accordance with materials used, construction, and the average duration of life is divided into six groups kapitalitātes. The massive building is based on IV and V belong to the group kapitalitātes when bearing structures made of masonry (brick) and slab (Group IV) or panels and slab (Group V). While the roof structure between the two groups are made of reinforced concrete gatavelementiem.
ccording to the Cabinet of Ministers Regulation IV kapitalitātes group buildings (series 1-316, 1-318, 119) have an average life expectancy is estimated at 70 years, but the V group homes (series 103, 104, 1-464, 1-467A, 1 – 602, 602P) – about 60 years.
It should be noted that the longest-lived – 150 years – devoted to residential, which is used in the construction of monolithic concrete, brick, steel beams and other materials. This means that, for example, the so-called French Purvciems project without any problems at home people will be able to live at least 120 years.
While the CM Regulations Appendix 2 “element of construction, decoration and inženierietaišu average life” gives an idea of the individual elements of the building lifetime. Their average life years is related to the home kapitalitātes group.
According to these rules IV and V houses kapitalitātes groups large concrete slabs loggias and balconies should serve a minimum of 70 and 60 years. But the situation now in many places is quite tragic.
Only 25 years is dedicated to roofs made of waterproof coiled material three or four layers of lining. This means that if such a house built, for example, in 1985, starting with the upper floors of apartment owners should not be particularly surprised if a rainy day in housing starts to become flooded.
Each of the owners of apartments, doing quite pirmziemnieku simple arithmetical operations, one can calculate the age of your home and draw a conclusion – to invest in the renovation of his house or not.
But overall, the Cabinet of Ministers regulations lifetime limits should be seen as approximate, as these terms are defined as allocations, which in practice has not yet been tested.
Home “medical history” or a residential home inspection
Cabinet of Ministers Nr.907 “On the residential home inspection, maintenance, routine repairs and energy efficiency with the minimum requirements’ provides that the houses and buildings belonging to the basic design of preventive follow-up time during the year included the following activities: foundation, walls and other building construction visual inspection to determine whether there has been no subsidence, cracks, not opened to the seam between domestic items (eg, basic blocks, panels), and other visible damage. Similarly, once a year to be carried out houses and buildings belonging to the interior floor, ceiling and wall surfaces of visual inspection to determine whether or not cracks, sediment or condensation, as well as other factors contributing to mold or mold.
In addition, if visual inspection or technical examination has revealed the circumstances that may cause damage to the apartment house manager to take the necessary measures to address them. The survey results compiled a dwelling house survey in a logbook.
While the Management of Residential Housing Law, Article 8 provides that any residential premises for a home thing, which accumulate in the technical documentation – houses technical passport (plans, drawings), project documentation, and building energy energoplāns, home technical survey findings.
This shall be further regulated by Cabinet Regulations Nr.908 “Home of the litigation and the cut-off rules.” Home thing, under these conditions, consists of four sections. They include the third section houses the technical documentation, including information obtained by surveying residential.
“Based on these survey instruments, a decision is made for the next three years the necessary repairs,” says the Riga municipal company “Rigas house manager” (operated by approximately 60% of the urban housing stock), Technical Director of Edmund Vīksniņš.
“These surveys show that our series of panel buildings occupied state is generally satisfactory. Problem in some parts of the building with the end wall. But” the Riga House Manager “during critical situations have not yet found. Now increasingly challenged by silicate brick building, whose walls absorb moisture. ”
Good building maintenance and renovation will extend the life of
Condition of dwelling houses first and foremost is closely related to the maintenance of quality. Manager time to care for netecētu roof or pipes to the proper functioning of the heating and ventilation systems.
In order to efficiently deal with building management issues, such as “Riga house manager” has created its own, original computer programs “The Boss” and “House Boss”.
“The program” The Boss “for each of managed houses, the type of job classification, material tracking database, create a single job application and job order tracking, and record specific artists,” says E.Vīksniņš. “Through this program, both for individual buildings and all buildings are generally prepared for the annual maintenance plans. In addition, the user programs without programmer assistance itself may consist of any document, such as survey instruments, repair estimates section, they add and change.
Contrast, the “house boss’ use of annual residential building revenue and expenditure account and planned residential house management estimates plan. Also, “House Boss” designed for the user to construct estimates or reporting form, use the desired calculation algorithms, is able to build a common and different estimates or report parameters. Both software programs are practical, and user can master in a short time. ”
With years of building there were two different defects, including low-Heat resistance, already requires serious action. When the apartment owners have agreed on the renovation of his house, invited to help with civil engineers and professional energy auditor to conduct technical monitoring of the building and determine the scope of construction works to be carried out, followed by the design and implementation of the project. But lack of money all at once often prevents the implementation of all planned work, and they should be gradual. Then, in consultation with civil engineers and energy auditors should carefully consider the sequence of work and volumes.
“For example, the whole problematic is the issue of building end wall insulation,” said Latvian Construction Engineers Board member Sergei Meierovics construction expert. “It’s called blockhouses, of course, are located in the bedroom, where the formation of high humidity. If you insulate the walls, not providing full ventilation, the situation gets even worse: it joins humidity constant companion – mold. Therefore, this problem is solved by a complex, because saving money is often this problem is not neglected. ”
In turn gives good results in many parts of the attic insulation. For example, the “Riga house manager” with a Ecowool nosiltināja Alexander Green Boulevard dwelling house attic in this house now allows you to save even a quarter of the absorbed heat.
“Historically, is now facing a situation that the administration building more fire mode works by preventing accidents,” said E.Vīksniņš. “Unfortunately, we lack the perspective plan of the house will be held in five or ten years. It is therefore necessary for basic research on the technical condition of the dwelling house. They must be professionals.
It is likely that this purpose would be appropriate to charge a certain sum of money, such as one cent per square meter of housing. “Riga house manager,” organized by an expert group to examine our progress and will prepare recommendations for further action. ”
Heat insulation will probably be another 15 million
It is expected that the ninth round of project selection activity “Apartment House Improvement of Heat” will continue until such time as available for the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) co-financing (47.7 million. Lats) will be used. As shown by estimates, these resources will be sufficient only to 2012. Therefore, the Ministry of Economy has prepared the Cabinet of Ministers draft regulations “Amendments to Cabinet Regulations Nr.272 April 5, 2011″ Regulations on action program “Infrastructure and Services” Appendix 3.4.4.1.aktivitātes “Apartment House Improvement of Heat ‘ninth selection of project applications round “,” including such activities in the ninth round of project selection virssaistību funding for 15 million. lats. Estimates suggest that these resources can be co-financed by more than one hundred and house renovation.
The draft regulations also provide for:
- exclude the Cabinet of Ministers Regulations Nr.272 18.4.apakšpunktā incidental expenses referred to the eligible costs;
- supplement standard agreements Nr.272 the conditions that facilitate supplier 3.4.4.1.aktivitātes designation of beneficiaries, and to delete references to procurement carried out in accordance with Cabinet Regulation No. 65 requirements;
- supplement standard agreements Nr.272 with LIDA to check the beneficiary’s services or construction purchased price on the market price and publish on its website information about the average service and construction prices.
In the future – high degree of uncertainty
How can I read the Ministry of Economy (MoE) website, public housing policy is to promote housing quality and accessibility, providing a regulatory framework for the effective management of housing, rental housing stock by promoting the establishment of municipalities and promoting energy-saving measures in housing.
In this field for quite a lot has been done: In 2009, accepted for the Management of Residential Housing Law and other laws and regulations a number of Cabinet to provide good quality housing management and administration.
Housing Policy section includes a number of government developed in future programs. An example is the Ministry developed a draft planning document ‘Energy Strategy 2030 “in which a place devoted to housing.
The total area of residential buildings is 87 million Latvian. m2, of which 50.5 million. m2 or 58% is made up primarily of apartment buildings with low heat resistance. It concludes that the most cost-effective manner possible to renovate 60-70% of apartment buildings, so that 30-35 million. square meters. Assuming an average cost of renovation is LVL 50/m2, the total amount of investment required is quite impressive – generally from 1.5 to 1.8 billion. 80-94 million lats. lats per year over the period to 2030.
In this context, a logical question arises – what happens to properties that are not fit reconstruction program? Homes or who are left “outside the brackets”, will be demolished and the site will build a new home? What will happen to housing estates?
However, all is based on uncertainty, where to take them almost two billion dollars, a funding model to choose?
But one thing is clear – especially in the mass-rise residential buildings in the near future will require renovation. The sooner this process starts, the less resources will have to spend for the good of this building would serve not only one decade.